Risk prediction of cerebrovascular events with carotid plaque magnetic resonance analysis: A meta-analysis

Background and purpose

It is not conclusive that magnetic resonance (MR)-based carotid atherosclerotic plaque assessment identifies high-risk features associated with cerebrovascular events. We aimed to systematically summarize the association of MR imaging (MRI)-determined intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC), and thinning/rupture of the fibrous cap (TRFC) with subsequent ischemic events.

Cryo-thermal therapy inducing MI macrophage polarization created CXCL10 and IL-6-rich pro-inflammatory environment for CD4+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity

Purpose: We previously developed a novel cryo-thermal therapy to treat malignant mammary carcinoma and melanoma in a mouse model; long-term survival and CD4⁺ T cell orchestrating anti-tumor immune memory response were achieved. Moreover, cryo-thermal-induced CD4⁺ T cell differentiation into Th1 and CD4⁺CTL sub-lineages, in which M1 macrophage polarization played a direct, important role. In particular, cryo-thermal therapy triggered M1 macrophage polarization with up-regulated expression of C–X–C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6). But whether CXCL10 and IL-6 contribute to CD4⁺ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity remains unclear. In this study, the role of cryo-thermal-induced CXCL10 and IL-6 in anti-tumor immunity was determined.

Methods: The level of CXCL10 and IL-6 in spleen and serum was determined by RT-PCR and ELISA on day 14 after cryo-thermal therapy. Splenic dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages were isolated from cryo-thermal-treated mice on day 5 and 14, and the level of CXCL10 and IL-6 in macrophages and DCs was determined by ELISA. The transwell migration assay was performed to study immune cell migration. In vivo neutralization of CXCL10 or IL-6 was performed to investigate the phenotypic changes of immune cells.

Results: Cryo-thermal therapy induced M1 macrophage polarization with up-regulation of CXCL10 and IL-6 expression in spleen. CXCL10 and IL-6 promoted DCs migration and maturation, and subsequently promoted CD4⁺ T cell migration and differentiation into Th1 and CD4⁺ CTL, moreover, reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulation.

Conclusions: Cryo-thermal-induced CXCL10 and IL-6 created acute inflammatory environment to initiate a systemically cascading innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity, which was more permissive for tumor eradication.     

痛记忆模型大鼠ACC脑区蛋白质组学研究及电针干预

目的:采用蛋白质组学方法筛选痛记忆模型大鼠ACC脑区差异蛋白,并进一步筛选与电针干预痛记忆可能相关的差异蛋白,为电针干预痛记忆的深入研究提供理论支持。方法:将18只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组(生理盐水对照组)、模型组和电针组,每组6只。模型组及电针组大鼠通过二次角叉菜胶足跖注射建立痛记忆模型。对照组注射同等剂量的生理盐水。电针组于首次注射后5 h、1～5 d进行电针治疗。模型组与空白组仅作与电针组相同的束缚处理。分别检测3组大鼠造模前,首次注射后4 h、5 d和二次注射后4 h、72 h的机械痛阈。二次注射后第3天,大鼠处死后取ACC脑组织。以双向凝胶电泳分离,双向电泳后经不同波长光激发扫描得到不同样品的蛋白质组图谱,经Image Master2D 6. 0软件进行分析后,筛选相差在1. 5倍以上的蛋白作为差异表达的蛋白质,并进行质谱鉴定。结果:1)与空白组比较,模型组二次未注射角叉菜胶足跖痛阈显著下降(P 0. 05);与模型组比较,电针组二次未注射角叉菜胶足跖痛阈显著上升(P 0. 05)。2)经蛋白质组学分析共筛选出18个差异蛋白质。其中模型组有明显差异者有11个,4个表达呈现下调,分别为微管蛋白α-1A链、DAB2相互作用蛋白、NADH脱氢酶的辅酶黄素蛋白2、转凝蛋白-3; 7个表达呈现上调,分别为微管蛋白β-3链、肌动蛋白1、磷酸甘油酸激酶1、类固醇激素合成急性蛋白、肌动蛋白2、细胞色素c氧化酶6A1亚基、泛素40S核糖体蛋白S27a。与空白组比较,电针组有明显差异者有15个,3个表达呈现下调,分别为微管蛋白α-1C链、Rho GDP解离抑制因子、NADH脱氢酶的辅酶黄素蛋白2; 12个表达呈现上调,分别为微管蛋白β-2A链、微管蛋白β-3链、肌动蛋白1、乌头酸水合酶、丙酮酸激酶同工酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、磷酸甘油酸激酶1、Ras相关Rab-19蛋白、类固醇激素合成急性蛋白、肌动蛋白2、细胞色素c氧化酶6A1亚基、泛素40S核糖体蛋白S27a。电针组与模型组比较后呈现明显差异的有8个差异蛋白,2个呈现下调,分别是Rho GDP解离抑制因子、肌动蛋白2。6个呈现上调,分别是微管蛋白α-1A链、微管蛋白β-2A链、DAB2相互作用蛋白、乌头酸水合酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、Ras相关Rab-19蛋白。结论:经蛋白质组学分析发现,有11个差异蛋白参与痛记忆的唤醒过程;有8个差异蛋白参与电针干预痛记忆的过程。提示电针对痛记忆的干预可能与稳定神经细胞骨架蛋白,进而抑制神经突触可塑性改变有关。     

RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes suppress non‐small cell lung cancer growth by limiting nutrition supply

Chemotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is far from satisfactory, mainly due to poor targeting of antitumor drugs and self‐adaptations of the tumors. Angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels, migration, and invasion are the main ways for tumors to obtain nutrition. Herein, RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes were successfully prepared. These liposomes showed ideal physicochemical properties, enhanced tumor targeting and accumulation in tumor sites, and inhibited VM channel formation, tumor angiogenesis, migration and invasion. The liposomes also downregulated VM‐related and angiogenesis‐related proteins in vitro. Furthermore, when tested in vivo, the targeted co‐delivery liposomes increased selective accumulation of drugs in tumor sites and showed extended stability in blood circulation. In conclusion, RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes showed strong antitumor efficacy in vivo and could thus be considered a promising strategy for NSCLC treatment.     

“醒脑开窍”针法配合芒针治疗前列腺增生合并慢性尿潴留

患者男,74岁,主因尿频、尿急、排尿困难10余年,加重1个月,患者因脑梗死后遗症康复治疗于2018年8月1日就诊于天津中医药大学第一附属医院针灸科。查颅脑MR:未见新发梗死灶。患者10余年前发现尿频、尿急、尿不尽、夜尿多等症状,曾诊断“良性前列腺增生”,未经系统诊治。     

基于Akt/ERK探讨丹蒌片对主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响＊

目的 观察丹蒌片对同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine，Hcy）诱导的兔主动脉血管平滑肌细胞（rabbit aortic smooth muscle cell，RASMC）增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响，并探讨其与Akt及ERK信号通路的关系。方法 培养RASMC，建立Hcy诱导RASMC增殖模型，实验分为空白组、Hcy组、丹蒌片组、瑞舒伐他汀组（即可定组）、丹蒌片联合瑞舒伐他汀组（即混合组），后三组分别给于丹蒌片、瑞舒伐他汀及丹蒌片联合瑞舒伐他汀含药血清。作用24 h后，Cell Titer-Glo法测细胞增殖，Transwell法测细胞迁移，流式细胞仪Annexin V/PI双染法测细胞凋亡率，蛋白印迹法（Western blot）测信号通路相关蛋白Akt和ERK总蛋白及磷酸化蛋白表达量。结果 ①与空白组相比，Hcy组细胞增殖和迁移显著增加（P < 0.01），凋亡率显著降低（P < 0.01）；与Hcy组相比，三种含药血清组细胞增殖和迁移明显减少（P < 0.01），凋亡率明显增加（P < 0.01）；其中混合组增殖和迁移较丹蒌片组和可定组明显降低（P < 0.01），凋亡率更高（P < 0.01）；与可定组比，丹蒌片组增殖略高，但差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05），丹蒌片组细胞迁移数明显多于可定组（P < 0.05），凋亡率明显低于可定组（P < 0.05）。②各组Akt及ERK总蛋白表达水平无明显变化（P > 0.05）；与空白组比较，Hcy组p-Akt及p-ERK蛋白表达量均显著上调（P < 0.01）；与Hcy组相比，三种含药血清组p-Akt及p-ERK蛋白表达量明显下调（P < 0.01）；其中混合组的p-Akt及p-ERK蛋白表达较丹蒌片组和可定组进一步下降（P < 0.01）；与可定组比，丹蒌片组p-Akt及p-ERK蛋白表达量增加，但差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 丹蒌片可拮抗Hcy诱导的兔动脉血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移，促进其凋亡，其作用可能与上调p-Akt及p-ERK信号通路蛋白有关。